Asthma

Bronchial asthma is a common paroxysmal and allergic pulmonary disease.

Asthma

Related Health Condition
Introduction
Bronchial asthma is a common paroxysmal and allergic pulmonary disease. Asthma attacks are usually seasonal. It mostly occurs when, with elevated bronchi allergic reaction, allergens, or other pathogenic factors cause bronchial spasm, mucosal edema, polyblennia, mucosal ciliary dysfunction, etc. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the disease falls into the categories of "Xiao" (wheezing) syndromes or "Chuan" (panting) syndromes.

Etiology/Pathogenesis
The primary pathogenic factor of asthma is the retention of phlegm-fluid in the interior. Under normal conditions, asthma attacks may not occur. But they can be induced by exopathic factors, improper diet, lack of care after an illness, upset emotions, fatigue, etc.

Asthma attacks occur when a number of things happen: when exogenous pathogenic factors invade the human body and impair the lung's purifying and descending functions; when improper diet impairs the lung-qi; and when pathogens from other visceral diseases attack the lung. The kidney is the source of qi and it cooperates with the lung to regulate the exhalation and inhalation of qi. In case of a deficiency in kidney essence, the kidney dysfunctions in accepting qi, and the inhaled air will not be distributed to the kidney. As a result, the normal functions of yin and yang are disrupted, and the reversed flow of qi attacks the lung, leading to asthma. Hence, deficiencies of the lung, spleen, and kidney are the root cause, and pathological wind, cold, dampness, phlegm, and stagnation are only the symptoms of asthma.(1)

Primary Treatments with Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Ingredients: Ren Shen (Ginseng), Chuan Bei Mu (Chuan Fritillaria), Wu Wei Zi (Schizandra), Xi Xin (Wild Ginger), Bai Jie Zi (White Mustard Seed), etc.

Clinical Application:
The formula is used to treat cough, gasping and wheezing associated with bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emhysema, and pulmonary heart diseases. One study followed up on 330 patients who took this formula and reported a total effective rate of 92.7%.(2)

Chu, et al. used Gu Ben Ke Chuan Wan to prevent and treat chronic bronchitis. The formula consisted of Huang Qi (Astragalus Root), Bai Zhu (White Atractylodes), Fu Ling (Hoelen), Chen Pi (Citrus Peel), Jiang Ban Xia (Pinellia processed w/ginger), Bu Gu Zhi (Psoralea), Fang Feng (Siler), Zi He Che (Placenta), and Gan Cao (Licorice). These herbs were processed into pills to be taken 10g each administration, 3 administrations per day. Of the 139 cases of deficiency-cold type asthma patients, 53.2% significantly improved; of the 16 cases of phlegm-damp type asthma patients, 50% significantly improved; and of the 30 cases of phlegm-heat type asthma patients 43.3% significantly improved. And of the subgroups of mild, moderate, and severe cases, the percentages of those who had significantly improved were 65.5%, 66.6% and 54.7%, respectively.(3)

Other Treatments with Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Yu, et al. used Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Powder to treat 38 cases of cold-type asthma. The ingredients of the powder were: Huo Xiang (Agastache), Hu Po (Amber), Bai Zhu (White Atractylodes), Jie Gen (Platycodon Root), Ban Xia (Pinellia), Bai Zhi (Angelica), Fu Ling (Hoelen), Da Fu Pi (Areca Peel), Chen Pi (Citrus Peel), Gan Jiang (dried Ginger), and Gan Cao (Licorice). Ten days of treatment constituted a treatment unit. After the treatment, 19 cases fully recovered, 17 cases improved, and 2 cases with no response. The total effective rate was 94.7%.(4)

Yu used Ping Chuan Tang to treat 42 cases of severe bronchial asthma. This formula contained Zhe Bei Mu (Fritillary Bulb), Di Long (Earthworm), Xuan Shen (Scrophularia), Lu Gen (Phragmites), Ban Lan Gen (Isatis Root), Ma Huang (Ma Huang), Huang Qin (Astragalus Root), Bai Qian (Cynanchum), Chen Pi (Citrus Peel), and Gan Cao (Licorice). Adjustments were made according to the patients' particular symptoms. The formula was taken one dose per day for mild cases and 2 doses for severe cases. During the treatment, any cortical hormones and bronchodilators were avoided. The results: of the 42 cases treated, 36 cases significantly improved, 4 cases improved, and 2 cases with no response. The total effective rate was 95.2%.(5)

Li used Gan Mei Tang to treat 20 cases of cough variant asthma in children. The formula consisted of Wu Mei (Mume), Gan Cao (Licorice), Bai Qian (Cynanchum), Wu Wei Zi (Schizandra), Chen Pi (Citrus Peel), and Ban Xia (Pinellia). One unit of treatment called for 7 days of continuous treatment. After 3 units of treatment, 5 cases significantly improved, and the other 15 cases improved. The total effective rate was 100%. Follow-up visits in the ensuing six months observed no recurrences.(6)

Li used modified Xiao Qing Long Tang to treat 80 cases of asthma in children. Xiao Qing Long Tang was made up of Ma Huang (Ma-Huang), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Fa Ban Xia (soaked Pinellia), Gan Jiang (dried Ginger), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Huang Qin (Scutellaria), Xi Xin (Wild Ginger), Wu Wei Zi (Schizandra), Gan Cao (Licorice), and Jin Qiao Mai (Golden Buckwheat Rhizome). After 3-7 days of treatment, 74 of the 80 patients significantly improved.(7)

Song, et al. treated 63 mild and moderate asthma cases with Huang Long Tang aerosol inhalant. The formula consisted of Ma Huang (Ma Huang), Di Long (Earthworm), Jiang Can (Silkworm), and Zhi Gan Cao (processed Licorice). The treatment achieved a total effective rate of 85.72%, and a PEF (peak expiration flow) improvement rate of 84.13%.(8)

Other Treatments
Mou, et al. treated 150 cases of bronchial asthma with a combination of surgical therapy and Chinese medicinal herbs. The surgical part of the treatment called for the tissues of the "Xiao Chuan" area (located between the second and third intermetacarpal bones part on the palm side, about 1cm from the metacarpophalangeal articulation) to be cut, while the herbal treatment called for the administration of a formula called Zhi Xiao Tang. The results: 50 cases fully recovered, 70 cases significantly improved, 20 cases improved, and the remaining 10 cases with no response. The total effective rate of 93.3%.(9)

Meng, et al. treated 30 cases of asthma by scraping the following acupoints: Zhongfu (LU 1), Tiantu (RN 22), Yutang (RN 18), and Shanzhong (RN 17) of the Ren channel, and Feishu (BL 13), Xinshu (BL 15), Dingchuan (EX-B 1), Qichuan (EX-LE 12), Zhishi (BL 52), Fengmen (BL 12), etc of the Urinary Bladder Meridian. The results: 24 improved, 5 significantly improved, and one case with no response.(10)

Zhu, et al. treated 470 cases of asthma with a combination of a self-prepared herbal extract, cupping, and a desensitization therapy, and reported that 93.2% of the cases improved (61.7% of the total cases treated improved significantly).(11)

Acupuncture & Acupressure
Acupuncture Therapy
Hu, et al. reported a total effective rate of 81.97% in treating 61 cases of bronchial asthma with acupuncture. The acupoints treated included the following: Dazhui (D 14), Dingchuan (EX-B 1), Fengmen (B12), Feishu (B13), Zusanli (S36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Kongzhui (L 6), etc. Measurements were taken before and after the treatment on T-lymphocyte subgroup, serum IL-4 and IgE, and the results indicated that the treatment could raise the sagged CD+ |~8| value (P <0.01), lower the elevated CD+|~4 |/CD+|~ 8|, and significantly lower the elevated IL-4 (P<0.01) and IgE (P<0.001) levels.(12)

Cheng, et al. treated 60 cases of infantile panting syndrome with pricking blood therapy. The congestive subcutaneous veins around the anus were pricked with a sterilized three-edged needle to draw a little blood, and then the local area was applied a layer of alum powder. The patients were not on any other medication while under the present treatment. The results: 24 cases significantly improved, 34 cases improved, and 2 cases with no response. The total effective rate was 96.67%.(13)

Tan treated 19 cases of acute asthma attack by needling acupoint Yuji unilaterally. The needles were inserted obliquely about 6-fen (20 millimeters) deep, manipulated by lifting and thrusting, and then retained for 15-25 minutes. The results: 13 patients had their panting and shortness of breath symptoms relieved after being treated for 7-21 minutes; 6 patients had their symptoms significantly improved after being treated for an average of 23 minutes.(14)

Acupoint Injection Therapy
Wang, et al. treated 260 cases of bronchial asthma by injection at acupoint Dingchuan (EX-B 1). The syringe needle-tip, containing 4ml of Yu Xing Cao, was rapidly inserted and straight into this acupoint about 1cm deep to push the injection solution into the tissue, about 0.5ml for each acupoint. For patients under 15 years of age, Kongzhui (L 6) was treated instead of Dingchuan (EX-B 1). During an asthma attack, the acupoint-injection was administered once a day, with 2ml of Yu Xing Cao solution for each side and bilateral sides were used. After panting had ceased, the acupoint injection was administered once every other day. One unit of treatment consisted of 10 injection sessions. The results: 206 cases fully recovered, 42 cases improved, and 12 cases with no response. The total effective rate being 95%.(15)

Meng, et al. treated 42 cases of panting by injecting the patient's own blood into acupoints Fengmen (B 12) and Feishu (B 13). A suitable amount of fresh blood drawn from the patient's own cubital vein was injected rapidly into the acupoints. This treatment was conducted once every week, and 4 sessions constituted a unit of treatment. The results: after 2 units of treatment, 15 cases fully recovered, 23 cases improved, and 4 cases with no response.(16)

Xiong, et al. treated 88 cases of infantile cough and asthma by acupoint injection therapy. Hegu (LI4), Feishu (B 13), and Dingchuan (EX-B 1) were chosen as the main acupoints to receive treatment, while Zusanli (S 36), Xuehai (SP 10), and Fenglong (S 40) were considered as adjunct acupoints. For infants under 1 year old, 0.25mg of Kadisu was injected into each acupoint. For older infants, the dosage was doubled. For the first 3 days, one application was given each day. After that, the regime was changed to once every 2-3 days. The entire treatment constituted 12 applications. The results: 44 cases fully recovered, 23 had their symptoms brought was under control, 16 cases significantly improved, and the remaining 5 cases improved. The total effective rate was 100%.(17)

Acupoint Application
Lu treated 117 cases of asthma by externally applying a herbal paste to acupoints. The paste was made from a formula called Bai Jie Zi San and applied during the three hottest periods of the year (falling in mid-July to late August). The results: 17 cases fully recovered, 61 cases significantly improved, 22 improved, and the remaining 17 cases with no response. The total effective rate was 85.8%.(18)

Similarly, Wu, et al. treated asthma by applying a paste called Ban Mao Gao to acupoints on the year's hottest days, and reported a total effective rate was 95%.(19)

In a study of a much larger scale, Zhao, et al. treated 2,000 cases of bronchial asthma by applying herbal pastes to acupoints on the first day of the three hottest periods in the summer and the three coldest periods in the winter. The paste used in the summer was made from Gan Sui (Radix Kansui), Xi Xin (Wild Ginger), Yuan Hu (Rhizoma Corydalis), Gan Jiang (dried Ginger), and Bai Jie Zi (White Mustard Seed), and that used in the winter was made from the same herbs plus Chen Xiang (Aquiliria), Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark), Ya Zhao, Di Long (Earthworm), Qing Ban Xia (Pinellia), and Bing Pian (Borneolum Syntheticum). The pastes, each about 1cm in diameter, were applied to acupoints Tiantu (RN 22), Shanzhong (CV 17), bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Xinshu (BL 15), Geshu (BL 17), and Shenshu (BL 23) on the specified days of the year for four hours, and one unit of treatment called for treatment in three years in a row. The results: 380 cases fully recovered, 820 cases improved significantly, 600 cases improved, and 200 cases with no response. The total effective rate was 90%.(20)

References
  1. He Yu Dan. Journal of Shaanxi Correspondence School of TCM. 1999;(3)::44-46.
  2. Yao Shu Jin. Shaanxi Journal of TCM. 1986;7(3):109.
  3. Chu Yan Sheng, et al. Shandong Journal of TCM. 1993;12(5):21-22.
  4. Xu Chuan Xing, et al. Journal of New TCM. 1999;31(1):31-32.
  5. Yu Yi Hong. Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1999;34(2):56.
  6. Li Ni. Henan Journal of TCM. 1999;21(1):22.
  7. Li Sin Yi. Journal of Suzhou Medical University. 1999;19(2)161.
  8. Song Ling, et al. Shaanxi Journal of TCM. 1999;20(10):452.
  9. Mu Xiao Hua, et al. China Journal of TCM Information. 1999;6(7):52.
  10. Meng Chun Mei, et al. Sichuan Journal of TCM. 1999;17(5):53.
  11. Zhu Xian Shen, et al. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1999;26(7):316-317.
  12. Hu Zhi Guang, et al. China Journal of Acupuncture. 1999;19(2):111-112.
  13. Chen Ju Xia, et al. Jilin Journal of TCM. 1999;19(4):36.
  14. Tan Dan. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1999;26(9):419.
  15. Wang Wei, et al. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1999;26(5):231.
  16. Meng Sheng Xi, et al. Henan Journal of TCM. 1999;19(3):63.
  17. Xiong Jian Yong, et al. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture. 1999;19(3):63.
  18. Lu Ya Kang. Journal of Acupuncture Clinical Application. 1999;15(1):29-31.
  19. Wu Ai Li, et al. China Journal of Acupuncture. 1999;19(3):140-142.
  20. Zhao Yun Yan, et al. Journal of Tiajing College of TCM. 1999;18(2):55.
This information is educational in context and is not to be used to diagnose, treat or cure any disease. Please consult your licensed health care practitioner before using this or any medical information.
©2000-2008 ADCCG, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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