Chai Hu Stone Mountain GA

Decoction 3-10g, or pill or powder.

LD50 (mice/crude saikosaponin): 4.70g/kg (gastrolavage), 1.90g/kg (hypodermic injection), 70.0mg/kg (IV injection), 112mg/kg (abdominal injection).(1)

Hexanoic acid; Pentanoic acid; Heptanoic Acid; 2-heptenoic acid; Octanoic acid; 2-Octenoic acid; Nonanoic acid; 2-nonenoic acid; Phenol; Cresol; Ethylphenol; O-methoxyphenol; (-heptalactone; (-octalactone; (-decalactone; Eugenol; (-undecalactone; Thymol; Messoia lactone; Vanillin acetate; 2-methyl cyclopentanone; Pulegone; Carvacrone; Carveol; Myrtenol; (-terpineol; Linalool; Geraniol; n-tridecane; Nootkatone; (E)-geranyl acetone; Limonene; Myrcene; (-cubebene; (-cadinene; Humulene; Caryophyllene; Longifolene; Hexadecanoic acid; Saikosponin a,1; Saikosponin d, 2; Saikosponin c, 3; Saikosponin f, 4; Saikosponin b3, 5; Saikosponin b2, 6; Saikosponin b1; saik osaponin m, IV; Saikosponin n, IX; Saikosponin, t, 7; Galactose; Glucose; Arabinose; Xylose; Ribose; Rhmanose; Lignoceric acid; Hexahydrofamesyl acerone.(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10),(11)

Mo, Se, Fe, Zn

Contraindications: hyperactive liver-yang and movement of endogenous liver-wind. Reported adverse effects of Chai Hu include: allergic papula,(12) allergic shock, fainting, rapid decrease in body temperature and heartbeat, and spastic laryngemphraxis.(13),(14),(15),(16),(17),(18)

Experiments on rabbits show that Chai Hu has an antipyretic effect on the fever induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol, yeast, or illness.(19)

Chai Hu processed by various methods unvaryingly has an inhibitory effect on dimethyl benzene-induced auricular concha inflammation in mice. This effect of Chai Hu is more pronounced in the wine-processed version than in the unprocessed and vinegar-processed versions.(20)

Saikosaponin d (SSd) can adjust upward the mRNA expression of HL-60 cell glucocorticoid hormone receptors, and induce cell death.(21) Chai Hu can block the effect of withdrawing phenobarbital sodium on hepatic cells in mice.(22)

Chai Hu can significantly inhibit chick embryo flu virus, arrest lung tissue's exudative lesion, decrease pneumonia virus-induced death rate in mice, and counteract dixamethasone's inhibitory effect on macrophagocytes' phagocytosis.(23) Chai Hu injection has a significant inhibitory effect on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Chai Hu injection's TD0, IC50, MTC, and therapeutic index (TI) values against RSV are 1000 (g/ml, 500 (g/ml, 250 (g/ml, and 4, respectively.(24)

Chai Hu has an ameliorative effect on damages to isolated mouse liver caused by hypoxia/oxygen resumption. A comparison between the Chai Hu-treated group and the hypoxia group shows that: 1) the Chai Hu-treated group had relatively mild hepatic tissue damages; 2) the Chai Hu-treated group had significantly less dehydrogenase leakage; 3) the difference in GSH and xanthine dehydrogenase (XOD) levels between the two groups was significant; and 4) the Chai Hu-treated group had a delayed MDA production.(25) Furthermore, experiments show that vinegar-processed Chai Hu can significantly lower the SGPT level in carbon tetrachloride-poisoned mice,(26) and that saikosaponin can protect hepatic cells.(27)

Experiments show that saikosaponin-d (SSd) can decrease urine protein, lower blood lipids, and ameliorate pathological glomerular changes in anti-basement membrane nephritis. It can also enhance the activity of serum adrenocortical hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, nephritic tissue glucocorticoid hormone receptor, and radical oxygen scavenger, and red blood cell immune functions.(28)

1) Chai Hu polysaccharides have an anti-radiation effect. 2) Vinegar-processed Chai Hu promotes bile secretion.(29) 3) Saikosaponins can inhibit the activity of Na+- and K+-APT enzymes.(30) 4) Methanol-based extract of Chai Hu can both inhibit (at high concentrations) and activate (at low concentrations) ascites carcinoma.(31)