The kinds of mortgage available to you
There are thousands of different mortgages on the market at the moment, all offering something different, something similar but essentially offering one of two types:
• Repayment and Interest, with a repayment and interest mortgage you (the lender) you will have to payback the specified mortgage amount plus the interest in a specified time. For example if you borrowed £100,000 over 25 years, the total plus interest is £190,000 over 25 years, this is what you will repay. You will see the balance becoming increasingly smaller over the term of the loan.
• Interest only, with an interest only mortgage you only pay the interest on you mortgage, however when the term of your mortgage is over you are still left with the initial buying fee of your house. Using the above example this would be £100,000 still left to pay. When you take an interest only mortgage you will need to take out an alternate savings plan, in the form of a pension, I.S.A, or an endowment. These alternate plans run alongside your mortgage to accumulate the final sum to zero your balance after the term is over.
Advantages of a repayment and interest mortgage
• It is possible for you to pay off lump sums of your mortgage to minimize the balance and make term shorter. However do be careful as some lenders do charge for a early settlement. If you do decide to repay early it is better to do upon the changing period of your mortgage i.e. when you are eligible to start another discounted term with another lender.
• You do not always have to take out life insurance with a repayment mortgage. Some pension plans that are in place do cover for unfortunate events such as death.
• You know the full balance of your mortgage and also the term of the repayment, so you always know when your mortgage will be paid in full.
Disadvantages of a repayment and interest mortgage
• In the early years of a repaying your mortgage the majority of the monthly repayment is interest rather than capital. For lenders who move house regularly, this can mean that little of the capital is paid off.
• If no life insurance, pensions or assets are in place to cover the repayment of the house. In the unfortunate event of a death the house will still have to be repaid. If payments are not kept up to date then the house will be sold.
• There may be financial penalties for making additional payment into your mortgage account.
Interest only mortgage
With this type of mortgage, only the interest is paid off with each mortgage payment. After the term of the mortgage elapses e.g. 25 year period, the lender is left with the full balance for the initial purchase of the house. To combat this problem (if you do not have the money to repay after the term is over) you the lender can take out another policy to run along side the mortgage payment? These policies are an ISA, pension plan or endowment policy. When you find a policy to suit you? The policy will grow along with your mortgage to accumulate the balance of you initial payment over the same term as your current mortgage. So at the end of the specified lending term you have the correct amount of funds to pay your balance.
Pension Plan
Using a pension plan to accumulate the balance of your mortgage is a tax free saving scheme. The balance of your house will be saved over a period of time until you can pay your final balance. If you do intend to use a pension fund to save for the balance of your house, consideration should be taken into account to open another pension fund for retirement purposes too.
ISA Plan
With an ISA plan you invest in stocks and shares via an Individual Savings Account (ISA) - which is a tax-free method of saving. This method of saving may not be suitable for most borrowers. Before considering this option you should consult with an independent financial adviser.
Endowment
An endowment is still the most common type of interest only mortgage which also provides life assurance cover and a fixed payment for investment. The endowment policy along with the interest only mortgage should in effect end at the same time, leaving you with the ownership of your home and nothing to pay. Endowments have undergone much criticism; this is due to investors being promised high returns from their investments. However lately this has not been the case, borrowers have found their investments have been as good as expected and a shortfall in the end amount of invested cash will not match the amount owed on the current property.
Taking into account the recent problems that have arisen regarding endowment policies it is worth remembering that returns on endowment policies have been pretty good, however you do need to see the term out in full. Also endowments do provide life assurance as part of the actual policy, so in the unfortunate event of a death the mortgage balance is paid in full.
Advantages of an interest only mortgage
• Your investments and savings could accumulate more than the required amount to cover the final payment; this could leave you more cash for your own personal use.
• Some plans have good tax benefits and help reach the required amount it a quicker and cheaper rate.
Disadvantages of an interest only mortgage
• In the unfortunate event of your investments not acquiring the designated amount of cash to cover the loan repayment, the investor could face a shortfall which they will then need to pay. If you are worried about a shortfall on your investment, you should keep in touch with your investor and request regular updates on the situation of your endowment. If the worst comes to the worst, you can increase payments to compensate for the loss of investment.
• Cashing in your endowment, ISA or pension could have adverse effects on the amount of money you have saved over the past however many years. If you do decide to cash in any existing policies you may be subjected to a penalty, this could be a cash amount specified by the investment company/lender. Please seek professional advice if you are worried about the end results of your finances, don’t be too hasty as most policies accumulate more of the cash in the final year.
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